Facies architecture and tectonic evolution of Raipur carbonate platform in Mesoproterozoic Chhattisgarh Sea, Central India

Article Type

Research Article

Publication Title

Facies

Abstract

The Mesoproterozoic Raipur carbonate platform is a 1500 m thick carbonate-shale succession deposited in a carbonate ramp to shelf-to-slope transition system. This carbonate platform is bounded by two major sequence boundaries, controlled by eustatic-tectonic events. Three major depositional cycles, characterized by fining upward to coarsening upward, and shallowing upward to deepening upward facies associations, are recognised within the Raipur Group. Geological mapping and sedimentological studies identified facies associations from which the sequence stratigraphic architecture has been deduced and the evolutionary history of the basin elucidated. Facies analysis distinguished a lower homoclinal ramp (Charmuria carbonates) that gradually evolved into an upper ramp with a barrier-bank complex (Chandi carbonates). In terms of carbonate factories, the Raipur platform records the transition from a lower abiotic to an upper biotically-controlled T- (tropical) to M- (microbial) factories. The siliciclastic Devsagar Member, located between the two carbonate platforms, represents the influx of terrigenous material during a period of sea-level fall. The Chhattisgarh basin originated as an intracratonic rift basin (~ 1.4 Ga) and gradually evolved into a passive-margin basin, which finally uplifted/inverted (~ 1.0 Ga) during the late Mesoproterozoic. The Raipur Group recorded the subsidence and uplift/inversion stages of the basin, preserving ‘start-up’, ‘keep-up’, ‘catch-up’ and ‘give-up’ stages of carbonate platform evolution. Opening of the epicontinental sea was towards the north-northwest, with a palaeo-shoreline oriented northeast-southwest. Sedimentation in Chhattisgarh basin can be correlated with the last-stage of the fragmentation of the Columbia Supercontinent, followed by the assembly of the next supercontinent, Rodinia.

DOI

10.1007/s10347-025-00702-8

Publication Date

10-1-2025

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