On Automated Analysis of Lung Images with Deep Learning for Healthcare

Date of Submission

6-30-2025

Date of Award

7-2-2025

Institute Name (Publisher)

Indian Statistical Institute

Document Type

Doctoral Thesis

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy

Subject Name

Statistics

Department

Machine Intelligence Unit (MIU-Kolkata)

Supervisor

Mitra, Sushmita (MIU-Kolkata; ISI)

Abstract (Summary of the Work)

Automated detection and diagnosis of lung diseases through medical image analysis offers a noninvasive alternative to invasive procedures, especially considering the challenges and potential risks associated with repeat lung operations. Noninvasive image-guided diagnostic techniques, such as lung imaging, have become essential in clinical practice. This thesis focuses on the development of a computer-aided system aimed at enhancing the classification, detection, and segmentation of lung diseases, specifically caused by COVID-19 and lung tumors, leveraging advanced computational methods. Novel segmentation algorithms, such as EFMC and WDU-Net, are devised based on encoder-decoder architectures within deep convolution networks. These algorithms undergo rigorous validation against ground truth or manual segmentation by radiologists, ensuring their accuracy and reliability. The EFMC algorithm employs a selective focus mechanism with multi-resolution blocks, allowing for precise delineation of COVID-19 affected regions in lung CT scans. Its performance is validated through extensive comparison with expert annotations, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing subtle abnormalities while accurately segmenting lung anomalies. Similarly, WDU-Net integrates weighted deformable convolution. Here the deformable convolution modules enhance its ability to capture irregular shapes and features in COVID-19 and lung tumors. Validation against manual segmentation reveals its robustness and accuracy in segmenting COVID-19 and lung tumors from CT images; thereby, showcasing its potential for aiding clinical diagnosis and treatment planning. Next automated classification of lung tumors is devised, in the multi-modal PET-CT framework, using the innovative DEMF model. The network leverages deep convolution networks, in conjunction with dimensionality reduction, to efficiently detect and classify lung abnormalities. This demonstrates superior performance in lung cancer classification across multimodal images. Finally, the DGMC is developed to enhance diagnosis and classification of diseases, by co-learning from multimodal images. Utilizing a novel multihead classifier, the DGMC can efficiently distinguish between COVID-19, tumors, and healthy slices of the lung. The input signal encompasses CT, along with EIT-processed CT scans, in order to provide a multimodal flavour. It captures granular details of the infection, while visualizing the activation regions. Together, these advancements represent significant progress in the automated analysis of lung diseases, by providing valuable tools for the early detection and diagnosis in clinical settings.

Comments

160p.

Control Number

ISI-Lib-TH644

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

DSpace Identifier

http://hdl.handle.net/10263/7572

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